A construção de um indicador de qualidade de água para gestão de bacia hidrográfica usando análise fatorial

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The increasing population and industrial growth of the last century has compromised the quantity and quality of water resources. Brazil has instituted a National Water Resources Policy and outlined a Water Resources Plan; therefore, there is now a necessity to procure tools and methodologies to execute these proposals. The present research applied a factorial analysis to the data of the Surface Water Quality Reports of the Upper Paraguay Basin, published between 1996 and 2004, by the Environmental Secretariat of Mato Grosso do Sul State, with the goal of creating a water quality index (WQI) for the Saladeiro River basin, Bonito/MS. The first principal component explained 44.02% of total variance of the data, being chosen, thereby, to represent the index. The parameters that most influenced the water quality variation were total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, orthophosphate, BOD, amoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, total residues, COD and DO, thus indicating that the principal negative impact on water quality is due to effluent discharge in the watershed. The factorial analysis was repeated using only the parameters that have established limits in the CONAMA 357/2005 legislation; the calculated index showed the same water quality variation. The WQI demonstrated temporary and spatial trends in water quality of the studied rivers. Reliability of the WQI was supported by analyses of individual parameters. The index represents a tool to assist in the management of water resources, complementing water quality diagnoses in the watershed, and acting as a support in decision making.

ASSUNTO(S)

engenharia sanitaria gestão de bacia hidrográfica escores fatoriais multivariate analysis factorial scores análise multivariada watershed management

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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